It seems my issues are fixed. So, I ended up using the Rescue System, chrooting to the system, and doing an apt update and upgrade. Upon rebooting, the issue was gone.
And consider my first post. It is a serious issue to host an own VPS! You are responsible for all damage that is caused with your machine, if someone hacks it.
I am disregarding it, thank you for your consideration, tho 
Your IPv4 is pingable. You should replace DHCP with a static network configuration.
What Distro are you using?
Mine is 89.58.3.149, I'm using Debian 12.
Perfect. Looks good. Everything works like expected.
I've already contacted support, let's see if there's something they can do from their end.
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iptables rules.
Attaching related info and networking journalctl log.
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Hi,
So my server has no internet access, if I ping the server's IP, it returns timeout, if I access the server via console on SCP and pinging 8.8.8.8 and localhost, it returns nothing. I tried to use the rescue system, and the server IP is reachable.
I'd like to ask where and how to debug such problems? with what any particular setting/command should I check, etc? I don't remember uninstall/updating something major before I manually reboot the VPS, but upon it turns on again, I encounter this problem.
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